What does the term 'gentrification' primarily refer to?

The term 'gentrification' primarily refers to the revitalization of urban neighborhoods, which often involves the influx of higher-income residents into previously lower-income neighborhoods. This process typically results in increased property values and rents, leading to changes in the demographic makeup of the community. Gentrification can enhance the physical appearance and amenities of a neighborhood, drawing in new businesses and increasing access to services. However, it may also produce displacement of existing residents who can no longer afford to live in the area due to rising costs. This concept is important in urban studies as it underscores the complex dynamics of socioeconomic changes within cities.

In contrast, other options focus on aspects that do not align with the specific definition of gentrification. Economic development in rural areas pertains to different geographic and economic issues unrelated to urbanization processes. The expansion of suburban communities reflects trends in suburban growth rather than urban neighborhood revitalization. Similarly, enhancing infrastructure in cities can happen independently of the gentrification process, as it may or may not involve socioeconomic shifts within an urban neighborhood.