Which amendment grants citizenship rights to African Americans?

The 14th Amendment is the correct choice as it specifically addresses citizenship rights. Ratified in 1868, this amendment explicitly grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States, including former slaves who had been freed after the Civil War. Additionally, the 14th Amendment includes provisions for due process and equal protection under the law, which were crucial in extending civil rights to African Americans.

The 13th Amendment, although significant, abolished slavery and involuntary servitude but did not confer citizenship rights. The 15th Amendment provides African American men with the right to vote, but it also does not address citizenship directly. Finally, the 19th Amendment, ratified in 1920, grants women the right to vote and is unrelated to citizenship for African Americans. Thus, the 14th Amendment is the pivotal amendment that established citizenship rights for African Americans.